Há muitos pontos de concordância entre Frege e os neokantianos. Isso vale especialmente para os representantes do neokantismo da teoria do valor ou do Sudoeste alemão na tradição de Hermann Lotze. Não discutiremos aqui todos os aspectos dessa proximidade; de acordo com o tema que propomos, ficaremos restritos à filosofia da matemática. A primeira parte do artigo tratará da relação entre aritmética e geometria, mostrando surpreendentes semelhanças entre Frege e o neokantiano Otto Liebmann. A segunda parte discutirá as diferentes recepções (...) do logicismo de Frege por Jonas Cohn, Paul Natorp, Heinrich Rickert, Ernst Cassirer e Bruno Bauch. (shrink)

This paper aims to analyse the enslavement of Moriscos from the Alpujarras during the initial months of the war of Grenade. This research is based on unknown historical records of the Archivo General de Simancas, which include a rich information about this issue. Other local and notarial sources treasured in several andalussian archives are also used in order to study the kingdom of Granada as a slave market during 1569-1571. These historical sources let to study the exports of Morisco slaves (...) to the main cities of the Guadalquivir valley during these years. (shrink)

El propósito fundamental del presente artículo es el de ofrecer una reconstrucción y exégesis de las reflexiones del filósofo español exiliado Juan David García Bacca en torno al problema filosófico del tiempo. En este sentido, a través de la lectura de varias de sus obras extraeremos aquellos elementos de su pensamiento que nos ofrecerán herramientas conceptuales para prefigurar las tensiones vinculadas al tratamiento de estas cuestiones por buena parte de la tradición filosófica occidental. De esta forma, partiendo del diagnóstico (...) de las aporías de la temporalidad desarrollado por Paul Ricoeur explicitaremos de qué manera la metafísica de García Bacca obliga a volver a pensar los fundamentos ontológicos del tiempo. Así, su metafísica _transustanciadora _dotará de una relevancia insoslayable a los instrumentos de medición del tiempo – en sus palabras, de _temporalización _ - en la configuración de la realidad. Ello nos permitirá rastrear desde su pensamiento una novedosa articulación de las relaciones y dependencias entre técnica y temporalidad que prefigura de forma heterodoxa la aproximación filosófica a este concepto. (shrink)

Tsirelson’s problem deals with how to model separate measurements in quantum mechanics. In addition to its theoretical importance, the resolution of Tsirelson’s problem could have great consequences for device independent quantum key distribution and certified randomness. Unfortunately, understanding present literature on the subject requires a heavy mathematical background. In this paper, we introduce quansality, a new theoretical concept that allows to reinterpret Tsirelson’s problem from a foundational point of view. Using quansality as a guide, we recover all known results on (...) Tsirelson’s problem in a clear and intuitive way. (shrink)

This volume has 41 chapters written to honor the 100th birthday of Mario Bunge. It celebrates the work of this influential Argentine/Canadian physicist and philosopher. Contributions show the value of Bunge’s science-informed philosophy and his systematic approach to philosophical problems. The chapters explore the exceptionally wide spectrum of Bunge’s contributions to: metaphysics, methodology and philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of physics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of social science, philosophy of biology, philosophy of technology, moral philosophy, social and political (...) philosophy, medical philosophy, and education. The contributors include scholars from 16 countries. Bunge combines ontological realism with epistemological fallibilism. He believes that science provides the best and most warranted knowledge of the natural and social world, and that such knowledge is the only sound basis for moral decision making and social and political reform. Bunge argues for the unity of knowledge. In his eyes, science and philosophy constitute a fruitful and necessary partnership. Readers will discover the wisdom of this approach and will gain insight into the utility of cross-disciplinary scholarship. This anthology will appeal to researchers, students, and teachers in philosophy of science, social science, and liberal education programmes. 1. Introduction Section I. An Academic Vocation Section II. Philosophy Section III. Physics and Philosophy of Physics Section IV. Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind Section V. Sociology and Social Theory Section VI. Ethics and Political Philosophy Section VII. Biology and Philosophy of Biology Section VIII. Mathematics Section IX. Education Section X. Varia Section XI. Bibliography. (shrink)

El propósito de esta investigación es caracterizar la inversión española en Ecuador, y analizar las percepciones sobre ésta de las empresas ibéricas que desarrollan su actividad en esta república Latinoamericana. Esta información es de especial relevancia para las instituciones gubernamentales, y para los potenciales inversores. Para realizar el trabajo se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con una perspectiva socioeconómica de tipo exploratoria de bola de nieve. Los resultados muestran como principal conclusión que los diez años del gobierno del presidente Rafael (...) Correa han sido positivos para la inversión en términos generales debido a la continuidad del gobierno que influyó en una mayor estabilidad política y social, que dio lugar a un periodo de crecimiento económico por encima de muchos países desarrollados. En relación a las multinacionales españolas, también fue favorable, por su participación en grandes proyectos de obra civil que supusieron importantes ingresos en una época de recesión económica y reducida inversión en España. (shrink)

Se realizó el análisis curricular de los planes de estudios D y modificados D1 y D2 y el análisis cuantitativo de las mallas curriculares o plan del proceso docente a partir de la organización de las asignaturas por ciclos, distribución de los componentes académico y laboral, frondosidad y quantum de flexibilidad del currículo. El objetivo de la investigación es evaluar el diseño curricular del plan de estudios de la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico. Se concluye que hay deficiencias en el nuevo (...) plan al no definirse los aspectos que deben integrarse en el macro, meso y micro currículo de una carrera universitaria, no están diseñadas las estrategias curriculares, los programas de las disciplinas ni el plan de la bibliografía básica, lo cual atenta contra la planificación y organización del proceso docente educativo, una asimilación consciente y por ende una correcta formación de conocimientos y habilidades que permitan solucionar exitosamente los problemas profesionales. The curriculum analysis of the syllabus D, D1 and D2 were performedas well as the quantitative analysis of the curricular nets or plan of the teaching process from the organization of the subjects by cycles, distribution of academic and labour components, luxuriance and quantum of flexibility within the curriculum. The objective of the research is to evaluate the curriculum design of the syllabus for the Bioanalysis Clinical Degree. It is concluded that there are lacks in the new plan as the aspects that should be integrated in the macro, meso and micro curriculum of a college degree are not well defined, the curricular strategies are not designed neither the disciplines programs nor the plan of the basic bibliography, which infringes on the planning and organization of the educational teaching process. A conscious assimilation and therefore a correct formation of knowledge and skills that allow to solve successfully the professional problems. (shrink)

Среди выдающихся латиноамериканских философов, которые так или иначе занимаются аксиологическими nроблемами, находится месиканец Эдуардo Гарсия Майнез. По мнению Майнеза, каnитальные проблемы аксиологии могут быть сведены к четырем: а) проблема существования ценности; б) nроблема оценочного nознания; в) проблема реализации ценности; д) проблема свободы выбора личностью ценности. В данной работе анализируется в основном те идеи этого автора, которые касаются nервой из этих больших nроблем - вопроса о существовании ценностей. Entre los más destacados filósofos mexicanos que trabajan la problemática axiológica se encuentra el (...) mexicano Eduardo García Maynez. En opinión de Maynez los problemas capitales de la axiología son cuatro: a) el problema de la existencia del valor; b) el problema del conocimiento valorativo; c) el problema de la realización del valor; d) el problema de la libertad del hombre en la elección del valor. En este trabajo se analiza, en los fundamental, las ideas de este autor referidas al primero de estos grandes problemas: el tema de la existencia de los valores. (shrink)

En este artículo nos proponemos dar cuenta del régimen temporal propio del capitalismo tardomoderno y sus consecuencias tanto sociológicas como ontológicas. Para ello, partiremos de las tesis de Hartmut Rosa acerca de la aceleración y la alienación. Posteriormente daremos paso a la indagación ontológica de la mano de Heidegger y la psicología existencial. De ese modo, mostraremos que los análisis sociológicos no pueden prescindir de un estudio ontológico de la cuestión. Por último, concluiremos con el rastreo de los modos temporales (...) de la Grecia clásica aplicada al mundo actual mediante la ontología de Gilles Deleuze, quien, junto a Felix Guattari, tuvo la virtud de analizar el capitalismo como movimiento de axiomatización. Nuestra reflexión quedará atravesada por la necesidad de un diagnóstico de las patologías individuales y colectivas que conectan con los estudios sobre el totalitarismo. (shrink)

ABSTRACTWe discuss the thesis of universality of geometric notions and offer critical reflections on the concept of “natural geometry” employed by Spelke and others. Promoting interdisciplinary wor...

Fundamentación: el desarrollo de la cultura profesional docente colaborativo se sustenta en los postulados vigotskianos, donde se concibe al profesor como un sujeto comprometido con las demandas y exigencias de la sociedad. Objetivo: socializar las categorías de análisis que se deben tener en cuenta en un colectivo docente para el desarrollo de una cultura profesional colaborativa en el proceso de formación del profesional de la educación superior. Método: se realizó un estudio etnográfico en la Universidad José Martí Pérez, de (...) Sancti Spíritus, apoyada en la metodología cualitativa y un grupo de técnicas posibilitó la recogida de la información. Resultados: se obtuvieron las categorías de análisis que están estrechamente asociadas al deber ser de un docente universitario, portador de esta cultura. Conclusiones: a partir de la coincidencia de criterios sobre los aspectos teóricos y la reflexión colectiva emergieron elementos indispensables en un colectivo para lograr la cultura profesional docente colaborativa a la cual se aspira, elaborados al tener en cuenta su estructura de contenido y forma. Background: the development of collaborative professional teaching culture is based on Vigotskian statements, where the teacher is seen as an individual compromised with the demanding and needs of the society. Objective: Socialize the analytical categories that should be taken into consideration in a teaching staff for the development of collaborative professional teaching culture in the process formation of the professional of higher education. Method: an ethnographic study was carried out in the University José Marti Pérez, from Sancti Spiritus, based on a qualitative methodology and a group of techniques that make data collection possible. Results: The analytical categories obtained were closely linked to the requirements of a university teacher that has this culture. Conclusions: starting from common criteria about theoretical aspects and group reflection, vital elements emerged in the teaching staff to get the collaborative professional teaching culture that is needed, elaborated taking into account its structure of content and form. (shrink)

El presente trabajo trata de demostrar que a la luz del concepto de ‘hombre entero’o ‘personalidad’ de Simmel se revela cierto isomorfismo estructural entre el hombre éticokantiano y el hombre económico moderno. Para ello, se analiza en primer lugar la críticaque Simmel dirige desde dicho concepto contra la concepción antropológica presupuesta enla ética de Kant. En segundo lugar, se examina la relación que se genera entre el hombre yla cultura como consecuencia del desarrollo de la economía monetaria y de lo (...) que Simmeldenomina ‘tragedia de la cultura’, tratando de demostrar que dicha relación produce untipo de individualidad que, sobre el trasfondo del hombre entero, se evidencia equivalentea la presupuesta en la ética de Kant. Por último, se confrontan los modos de valoración dela ética kantiana y de la economía monetaria con el tipo de normatividad que conviene alhombre entero. (shrink)

Review of: José Ferreirós. 2016. Mathematical knowledge and the interplay of practices. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

We argue against the claim that the employment of diagrams in Euclidean geometry gives rise to gaps in the proofs. First, we argue that it is a mistake to evaluate its merits through the lenses of Hilbert’s formal reconstruction. Second, we elucidate the abilities employed in diagram-based inferences in the Elements and show that diagrams are mathematically reputable tools. Finally, we complement our analysis with a review of recent experimental results purporting to show that, not only is the Euclidean diagram-based (...) practice strictly regimented, it is rooted in cognitive abilities that are universally shared. (shrink)

We model a black hole spacetime as a causal set and count, with a certain definition, the number of causal links crossing the horizon in proximity to a spacelike or null hypersurface Σ. We find that this number is proportional to the horizon's area on Σ, thus supporting the interpretation of the links as the “horizon atoms” that account for its entropy. The cases studied include not only equilibrium black holes but ones far from equilibrium.

The history of communication is a new subject in mass communication and journalism curricula, one for which there has been only scattered published research and no adequate text. Communication History attempts to remedy both of these problems by providing a challenging new approach to the study of communication over time. Moving away from a tradition that focuses merely on major communication personalities or institutions, the authors instead encourage the reader to see the interrelated processes by which information in diffused. The (...) authors utilize social science concepts and techniques to enlarge and enrich our understanding of communication in historical perspective. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to examine student perceptions of teaching behavior. Additionally the aim was to examine if teacher characteristics (educational level, gender, and teaching experience) could explain differences in student perceptions of their teachers. Teaching behavior was studied from the research on teaching and teacher effectiveness perspective. Secondary students (N = 7,114), taught by 410 teachers in Spain, participated in the study. Survey data were analyzed using non-parametric tests, Kruskal-Wallis, U Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction, and the analysis (...) of effect sizes. Furthermore, a regression model was applied. Results showed that teaching behavior was perceived as sufficient to good, depending on the teaching behavior domain. Results indicated interesting differences between lower secondary education, upper secondary education and vocational education and training teachers. The effect size values (rU statistic) ranged between 0.43 and 0.63, highlighting the significant effect of teachers’ teaching experience on the six teaching skills domains: learning climate, efficient classroom management, clarity of instruction, activating teaching, differentiation, and teaching learning strategies. Those teachers with less teaching experience were the ones who showed higher scores. Findings from the regression model showed that educational level had a significant predictive effect on the six teaching skills domains, mainly for male teachers. However, in several domains female teachers were perceived by students to outperform their male counterparts. (shrink)

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de analizar los diferentes códigos éticos y deontológicos internacionales, regionales y nacionales de los que se nutre la especialidad de psiquiatría. Se concluye que el comportamiento ético se basa en el sentido de la responsabilidad individual de cada psiquiatra hacia cada paciente y en la capacidad de ambos para determinar cuál es la conducta correcta y más apropiada. Las normas externas y las directrices, tales como los códigos de conducta profesional, las aportaciones (...) de la ética y de las normas legales, no garantizan por sí solas la práctica ética de la medicina, pero constituyen un importante marco referencial. A literature review was performed with the objective of analyzing the various international, regional and national ethical and deontological codes that the psychiatry specialty feeds on. It is concluded that ethical behavior is based on the sense of individual responsibility of each psychiatrist to each patient and the ability of both to determine what the correct and appropriate behavior is. External standards and guidelines, such as professional codes of conduct, the study of ethics and legal standards alone do not guarantee the ethical practice of medicine but are an important framework. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es el de indagar en los presupuestos conceptuales e históricos subyacentes al perdón colectivo. Dada la naturaleza híbrida – entre lo ético y lo político - de esta noción, diversos autores la han conceptualizado integrándola o bien en las prácticas de legitimación de la soberanía o, al contrario, en un espacio ético incompatible con las relaciones políticas. Ambas interpretaciones niegan la posibilidad de un perdón colectivo auténtico en el espacio público. Frente a ambas aproximaciones, reconstruiremos (...) diferentes argumentos para defender la fertilidad de dicha práctica ética en el interior de los procesos recientes de justicia transicional. (shrink)

Resumen El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es el de analizar la representación que realiza la filósofa española María Zambrano del mito de Antígona y proyectarla en los debates contemporáneos en torno a la recuperación de los cuerpos de víctimas humanas en contextos post-violencia. Más allá del entramado lingüístico mítico-religioso en el que La tumba de Antígona parece situarse, desentrañaremos los diferentes estratos semánticos y filosóficos subyacentes a la relectura que Zambrano propone de la heroína tebana. Ello nos permitirá destacar (...) la potencialidad política subversiva del gesto de Antígona al abarcar a sujetos históricos tradicionalmente marginados del espacio público. Abstract This article aims to analyzing and projecting María Zambrano's representation of Antigone’s myth within contemporary debates about the recovery of the bodies of human victims in post-violence contexts. Beyond the mythic-religious framework in which The Tomb of Antigone seems to be located, it will be unraveled the different semantic and philosophical layers underlying Zambrano's re-reading of the Theban heroine. This will pave the way towards highlighting the subversive political potential of Antigone's gesture by embracing historical subjects traditionally marginalized from the public space. (shrink)

Using the lens of conceptual history, we analyze the evolution of the term digital commons since it first came to be publicly used. In particular, we track down how the meaning of the term digital commons was influenced after its emergence by a new modulation of the term commons developed from neo-Marxist coordinates. Exploring the way in which this neo-Marxist way of thinking the commons emerged after the economic crisis of 2008 thanks to the discursive interventions of a couple of (...) authors more or less linked to the Midnight Notes Collective, we subsequently analyze the degree of penetration of this new conception of the commons in the realm of the digital commons. As we conclude, the disparate reception of this conception on the way different authors think and theorize the digital commons confirms the essentially contested nature of this particular concept. (shrink)

This paper proposes to analyze Schopenhauer’s methodological and hermeneutical considerations regarding the knowledge of the thing-in-itself. For this purpose, I explain the nature of the philosophical abstraction in light of the primacy of the metaphysics of the Will. I argue that the possibility of the philosophical research is rooted on the interpretation of self-knowledge as an instance of the Will’s objectivation. In this regard, I will plead that the definition and criteria developed by Schopenhauer for his philosophy are established at (...) the expense of deductive demonstration, in favor of a peculiar and particular form of abstraction fitted for the philosophical enterprise and subject matter. Finally, I will present an interpretation of the epistemological basis of reflection in line with schopenhauerian philosophy. (shrink)

This paper aims at offering an interpretation and critique of Odo Marquard’s philosophy regarding his analysis on the complex relationship between past and present within our regimen of historicity. By resorting to the conceptual tools of philosophy of history and by delving further into Marquard’s notion of “compensation” and his interpretation of modernity, this paper explores the different layers sourrounding his approach to the philosophical problem of historical time. Such interpretation will bring new light into the potentialities and weaknesses of (...) Marquard’s philosophy. El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es el de ofrecer una interpretación y crítica del pensamiento filosófico de Odo Marquard, con especial atención a la potencialidad heurística de su análisis para interpretar las complejas relaciones entre pasado y presente que se proyectan desde nuestro régimen de historicidad. Desde el ámbito de la filosofía de la historia contemporánea, profundizaremos en su noción de “compensación” y en su interpretación de la modernidad para explorar los diferentes estratos que subyacen a la aproximación de Marquard al problema del tiempo histórico. Ello nos permitirá sacar a la luz tanto las fortalezas de su análisis como sus debilidades. (shrink)

Recent research has shown that cultural, linguistic, and sociodemographic peculiarities influence the measurement of trait emotional intelligence. Assessing trait EI in different populations fosters cross-cultural research and expands the construct’s nomological network. In mental health, the trait EI of clinical populations has been scarcely researched. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between trait EI and key sociodemographic variables on Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire datasets with mental healthcare patients from three different Spanish-speaking countries. Collectively, these datasets comprised 528 participants, 23% (...) from Chile, 28% from Peru, and 49% from Spain. The sociodemographic variables we used for trait EI comparisons were gender, age, educational level, civil status, and occupational status. Analyses involved Multigroup Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling and analysis of covariance. Our results revealed significant between-country differences in trait EI across the studied sociodemographic variables and interactions between these variables. Measurement invariance across the datasets was attained up to the scalar level regarding gender and education, although analyses on age, civil status, and occupation displayed non-invariance. The resultant psychometric evidence supports the suitability of the TEIQue-SF for the accurate cross-cultural assessment of trait EI in mental health settings. It also highlights the importance of incorporating trait EI into extant psychotherapeutic frameworks to enhance non-pharmacological treatment efficacy. (shrink)

This paper presents an experience in developing professional ethics by an approach that integrates knowledge, teaching methodologies and assessment coherently. It has been implemented for students in both the Software Engineering and Computer Engineering degree programs of the Technical University of Madrid, in which professional ethics is studied as a part of a required course. Our contribution of this paper is a model for formative assessment that clarifies the learning goals, enhances the results, simplifies the scoring and can be replicated (...) in other contexts. A quasi-experimental study that involves many of the students of the required course has been developed. To test the effectiveness of the teaching process, the analysis of ethical dilemmas and the use of deontological codes have been integrated, and a scoring rubric has been designed. Currently, this model is also being used to develop skills related to social responsibility and sustainability for undergraduate and postgraduate students of diverse academic context. (shrink)